HERITAGE CONSERVATION TERMINOLOGY – 2

Glossary of World Heritage Terms

A Glossary of Terms relating to the Implementation of the
World Heritage Convention
June 1996

Preface
This Glossary of World Heritage Terms has been prepared in accordance with the request of the World Heritage Committee at its nineteenth session in December 1995. The Committee
requested that the Glossary be a separate document, independent from, but referring to, the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage
Convention and to reports of relevant expert meetings.
Authenticity
Also known as Test of authenticity and Conditions
of authenticity.

Paragraph 24 of the Operational Guidelines requires that a cultural property nominated for inclusion in the World Heritage List be considered for inclusion only if it meets one or more of the cultural heritage criteria and the test of authenticity.

Paragraph 24 (b) (i) of the Operational Guidelines as reproduced below refers to the test of authenticity.

24.

(b) (i) meet the test of authenticity in design, material, workmanship or setting and in the case of cultural landscapes their distinctive character and components (the Committee stressed the reconstruction is only acceptable if it is carried out on the basis of complete and detailed documentation on the original and to no extent on conjecture) (UNESCO February 1996: 7).
The text concerning groups of urban buildings included in the Operational Guidelines also refers to the need to meet the test of authenticity (UNESCO February 1996: 8, Paragraph 27).

Paragraphs 57 and 58 of the Operational Guidelines state that cultural properties nominated for inclusion in the World Heritage List should satisfy the conditions of authenticity and that the determination as to whether these conditions are met will be carried out by ICOMOS (UNESCO February 1996: 18).

Paragraph 64 (e) of the Operational Guidelines states that “indications as to the authenticity of the property” should be included in the completed nomination form under the heading of “Justification for inclusion in the World Heritage List” (UNESCO February 1996: 20).

Paragraphs 64 (f) (iv) and 78 of the Operational Guidelines refer to the undefined concept of “historical authenticity” (UNESCO February 1996: 20 and 28).

It is generally acknowledged that the concept of authenticity is a vague one and may be subject to different cultural and social interpretations.
Authenticity and its application in relation to the World Heritage Convention was the subject of a conference held in Nara, Japan in November 1994 (Nara Conference on Authenticity in Relation to the World Heritage Convention). A preparatory workshop was held in Bergen in Norway from 31 January to 2 February 1994. The proceedings of the preliminary workshop are published in Larson and Marstein (1994). The Nara Conference
resulted in the adoption of a declaration known as The Nara Document on Authenticity. The proceedings of the Nara Conference and the Nara Document on Authenticity are published in Larson (1995).

In March 1996 an Inter-American Symposium on Authenticity in the Conservation and Management of Cultural Heritage was held in San Antonio Texas, U.S.A. The Symposium was co-sponsored by US/ICOMOS, the Getty Cosnervation Institute and the San Antonio Conservation Society.

see Conservation, Information sources
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Conservation

The World Heritage Convention does not specifically define conservation. Throughout the Convention reference is made to the “identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural and natural heritage”.
Article 5of the Convention makes reference to a number of “effective and active measures” that can be taken by States Parties in ensuring this “identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission” (UNESCO 1972).

The Operational Guidelines do not include a definition of conservation. The Operational Guidelines state that one of the four essential functions of the World Heritage Committee is to “monitor the state of conservation of properties inscribed on the World Heritage List” (UNESCO February 1996: 2, Paragraph 3 (ii)).
Guidelines for monitoring the “state of conservation”of properties inscribed in the World Heritage List feature prominently in the Operational Guidelines (UNESCO February 1996: Section II). The term preservation and conservation are used interchangeably to refer to the “State of preservation/conservation” section of the nomination form (UNESCO February 1996: 20, Paragraph 64 (d)).
Paragraph 24 (b) (ii) of the Operational Guidelines stipulates that cultural properties included in the World Heritage List must “have adequate legal and/or contractual and/or traditional protection and management mechanisms to ensure the conservation of the nominated cultural properties or cultural landscapes” (UNESCO February 1996: 7-8).

The Operational Guidelines also include reference, without definition, to “conservation policy” (Paragraph 27 (ii)), “conservation scheme” (Paragraph 34), “preventive conservation” (Paragraph 69) and “day-to-day conservation” (Paragraph 70) (UNESCO February 1996: 8, 10 and 26).

Conservation is used interchangeably with preservation, safeguarding and protection in the Operational Guidelines.
The Nara Document on Authenticity defines conservation, specifically with reference to the cultural heritage, as:
Conservation: all efforts designed to understand cultural heritage, know its history and meaning, ensure its material safeguard and, as required, its presentation, restoration and enhancement (Larson 1995: xxv).

The French definition of Conservation is also included in Larson (1995: xxxi).

see Preservation, Protection, Safeguarding, State of conservation
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Rehabilitation

The World Heritage Convention does not specifically define rehabilitation. The Convention makes reference to the “identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation” of cultural and natural heritage. Article 5 of the Convention makes reference to a number of “effective and active measures” that can be taken by States Parties in ensuring this “identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation” (UNESCO 1972).

Rehabilitation is not defined in the Operational
Guidelines.

 

IN: Information Document Glossary of World Heritage Terms (June, 1996)

Distribution Limited WHC-96/CONF.201/INF.21
Paris, 22 October 1996
Original: English

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION

CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE

WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE
Twentieth session, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, 2-7 December 1996

http://whc.unesco.org/archive/gloss96.htm

 

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